Manovich’s article assesses the shift from a consumption-based media culture (in which media content is produced by a small number of professionals and consumed by a mass audience) to a production-based media culture (in which this mass audience is just as active in producing content as in consuming it). The annotation below assesses the usefulness of a particular article for the author’s own research in the field of media studies. Reflective annotations are often required when the point is to gather sources for a future research project, or to assess how they were used in an already-completed project. Reflective annotationsĪ reflective annotation is similar to an evaluative one, but it focuses on evaluating the source’s usefulness or relevance to your own research. Kenny generally provides thorough and fair assessments of the major philosophers’ work, but is pointedly dismissive of Derrida and other critical theorists, significantly weakening the book’s coverage of “postmodern” philosophy. Each section begins with a chronological overview of the key thinkers, followed by chapters dedicated to each significant subfield in the period: metaphysics, political philosophy, God, etc. The book is divided into four periods: ancient, medieval, early modern, and modern. Kenny presents a broad history of Western philosophy from the ancient Greeks to the present day. The annotation example shown below describes an article about the relationship between business regulations and CO2 emissions. You should never just replicate text from a source’s abstract, even though you’ll naturally cover similar ground. In this way, it resembles an abstract, but it differs in that you’re describing the source’s approach explicitly rather than just summarizing the ideas it expresses. Descriptive annotationsĪ descriptive annotation summarizes the approach and arguments of a source in an objective way, without attempting to assess their validity. This can vary depending on the word count of the assignment, the relative length and importance of different sources, and the number of sources you include, but try to aim for this as a guideline.ĪPA Style examples are shown below for the different types of annotation: descriptive, evaluative, and reflective. The annotations themselves are usually between 50 and 200 words in length. The most common styles are APA, MLA, and Chicago. The exact format depends on the type of source (e.g., a book or journal article) and the citation style you’re using.
#ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY MICROSOFT WORD TEMPLET FULL#
These specific terms won’t necessarily be used the important thing is to understand the purpose of your assignment and pick the approach that matches it best.įor each source, start by writing a full reference that gives the author, title, date, and other information. Reflective annotations: When the assignment is part of a larger research process, you need to consider the relevance and usefulness of the sources to your own research.Evaluative annotations: When the assignment is about your evaluation of the sources, you should also assess the validity and effectiveness of these arguments and methods.Descriptive annotations: When the assignment is just about gathering and summarizing information, focus on the key arguments and methods of each source.Consider the instructions you’ve been given or consult your instructor to determine what kind of annotations they’re looking for: descriptive, evaluative, or reflective. What you’re looking for in the sources will depend on the kind of annotations you have to write.
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You may even prefer to write your annotations as you go, while each source is fresh in your mind. Once you’ve selected an appropriate range of sources, read through them, taking notes on each source that you can use to build up your annotations later.
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If a particular source keeps being cited, it’s likely to be important. Read the abstracts or blurbs of the sources you find to see whether they’re relevant to your topic, and try exploring the bibliographies of relevant sources to discover more. Sources can include journal articles, books, and other source types, depending on the scope of the assignment. See here for further guidance on keyword searching.
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Use these keywords to search databases (e.g. List different variants of the relevant terms so that you don’t miss anything. Make sure that you’ve clearly defined your topic, and then consider what keywords are relevant to it. Otherwise, the scope of your assignment and your choice of topic will guide you in what kind of sources to look for. If the annotated bibliography is part of the research process for a paper, your sources will be those you consult and cite as you prepare the paper. The first step is to find appropriate sources.